A364303 Square array read by ascending antidiagonals: T(n,k) = [x^k] (1 - x)^(2*k) * Legendre_P(n*k, (1 + x)/(1 - x)) for n, k >= 0.

1, 1, -2, 1, 0, 6, 1, 4, -6, -20, 1, 10, 36, 0, 70, 1, 18, 300, 400, 90, -252, 1, 28, 1050, 11440, 4900, 0, 924, 1, 40, 2646, 77616, 485100, 63504, -1680, -3432, 1, 54, 5544, 316540, 6370650, 21841260, 853776, 0, 12870, 1, 70, 10296, 972400, 42031990, 554822268, 1022041020, 11778624, 34650, -48620

Offset

0,3

Comments

The first row of the table is a signed version of the central binomial coefficients A000984. The central binomial coefficients satisfy the supercongruences u(n*p^r) == u(n*p^(r-1)) (mod p ^(3*r)) for all primes p >= 5 and all positive integers n and r (see Meštrović, equation 39). We conjecture that each row sequence of the table satisfies the same supercongruences.

Links

Table of n, a(n) for n=0..54.

R. Meštrović, Wolstenholme's theorem: Its Generalizations and Extensions in the last hundred and fifty years (1862--2012), arXiv:1111.3057 [math.NT], 2011.

Wikipedia, Dixon's identity

Formula

T(n,k) = Sum_{i = 0..k} binomial(n*k, k-i)^2 * binomial((n-2)*k+i-1, i).

For n >= 2, T(n,k) = binomial((n-1)*k, k)^2 * hypergeom([a, b, b], [1 + a - b, 1 + a - b], 1), where a = (n - 3)*k and b = -k.

For n >= 3, T(n,k) = ((n - 1)*k)! * ((n + 1)*k/2)! * ((n - 3)*k/2)! / ( ((n - 1)*k/2)!^2 * k!^2 * ((n - 3)*k)! ) by Dixon's 3F2 summation theorem, where fractional factorials are defined in terms of the gamma function.

Example

 Square array begins:
 n\k|  0   1      2        3           4             5
  - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  0 |  1  -2      6      -20          70          -252    ...  (-1)^k*A000984(k)
  1 |  1   0     -6        0          90             0    ...  A245086
  2 |  1   4     36      400        4900         63504    ...  A002894
  3 |  1  10    300    11440      485100      21841260    ...  A275652
  4 |  1  18   1050    77616     6370650     554822268    ...  A275653
  5 |  1  28   2646   316540    42031990    5921058528    ...  A275654
  6 |  1  40   5544   972400   189290920   39089615040    ...  A275655
  7 |  1  54  10296  2484000   665091000  188907932304    ...  A364304
  8 |  1  70  17550  5567380  1960044750  732012601320    ...  A364305

Maple

T(n, k) := coeff(series( (1 - x)^(2*k) * LegendreP(n*k, (1 + x)/(1 - x)), x, 11), x, k):
# display as a square array
seq(print(seq(T(n, k), k = 0..10)), n = 0..10);
# display as a sequence
seq(seq(T(n-k, k), k = 0..n), n = 0..10);

Crossrefs

Cf. A000984 (row 0 unsigned), A245086 (row 1), A002894 (row 2), A275652 (row 3), A275653 (row 4), A275654 (row 5), A275655 (row 6), A364304 (row 7), A364305 (row 8).

Cf. A364113, A364298

Sequence in context: A119275 A129462 A122930 * A364518 A066387 A180663

Adjacent sequences: A364300 A364301 A364302 * A364304 A364305 A364306

Keyword

sign,tabl,easy

Author

Peter Bala, Jul 19 2023

Status

approved