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A155828
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Number of integers k in {1,2,3,..,n} such that kn+1 is a square.
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3
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0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 1, 1, 7, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 1, 1, 3, 7, 1, 3, 1, 3, 3, 1, 1, 7, 1, 1, 3, 3, 1, 1, 3, 7, 3, 1, 1, 7, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 1, 7, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 7, 1, 1, 1, 7, 3, 1, 3, 7, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 3, 7, 1, 1, 3, 3, 1, 3, 1, 7, 7
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OFFSET
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1,8
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COMMENTS
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Conjecture: All terms a(n) are of the form 2^m - 1. This has been verified up to n = 1000.
It appears that the terms of this sequence are exactly one less than those of A060594, indicating that the terms are related to the square roots of unity mod n. - John W. Layman, Feb 04 2009
The conjecture that a(n) is of the form 2^m - 1 holds trivially. In fact, the conjecture can be restated as follows: For any positive integer n, the solutions of the congruence x^2 = 1 (mod n) with 1 <= x <= n is a power of two. By the Chinese remainder theorem, this reduces to the case when n is a prime power. It is well known that the solution of x^2 = 1 (mod p^a) is two when p is an odd prime (one may obtain this by induction on a). As for the number of solutions of the congruence x^2 = 1 (mod 2^a), it equals 1, 2, 4 according to whether a=1, 2, or a>2. - Zhi-Wei Sun, Feb 11 2009
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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EXAMPLE
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1*8 + 1 = 9, 3*8 + 1 = 25, 6*8 + 1 = 49, whereas other values are not square, so a(8) = 3.
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PROG
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(PARI) a(n) = sum(k=1, n, issquare(k*n+1)); \\ Michel Marcus, Jul 10 2014
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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nonn
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AUTHOR
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STATUS
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approved
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