A130850 Triangle read by rows, 0 <= k <= n, T(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..n} A(n,j)*binomial(n-j,k) where A(n,j) are the Eulerian numbers A173018.

1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 6, 12, 7, 1, 24, 60, 50, 15, 1, 120, 360, 390, 180, 31, 1, 720, 2520, 3360, 2100, 602, 63, 1, 5040, 20160, 31920, 25200, 10206, 1932, 127, 1, 40320, 181440, 332640, 317520, 166824, 46620, 6050, 255, 1, 362880, 1814400, 3780000, 4233600, 2739240, 1020600, 204630, 18660, 511, 1

Offset

0,4

Comments

Old name was: Triangle T(n,k), 0<=k<=n, read by rows given by [1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,...] DELTA [1,0,2,0,3,0,4,0,5,0,6,0,...] where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938.

Vandervelde (2018) refers to this as the Worpitzky number triangle - N. J. A. Sloane, Mar 27 2018 [Named after the German mathematician Julius Daniel Theodor Worpitzky (1835-1895). - Amiram Eldar, Jun 24 2021]

Triangle given by A123125*A007318 (as infinite lower triangular matrices), A123125 = Euler's triangle, A007318 = Pascal's triangle; A007318*A123125 gives A046802.

Taylor coefficients of Eulerian polynomials centered at 1. - Louis Zulli, Nov 28 2015

A signed refinement is A263634. - Tom Copeland, Nov 14 2016

With all offsets 0, let A_n(x;y) = (y + E.(x))^n, an Appell sequence in y where E.(x)^k = E_k(x) are the Eulerian polynomials of A123125. Then the row polynomials of A046802 (the h-polynomials of the stellahedra) are given by h_n(x) = A_n(x;1); the row polynomials of A248727 (the face polynomials of the stellahedra), by f_n(x) = A_n(1 + x;1); the Swiss-knife polynomials of A119879, by Sw_n(x) = A_n(-1;1 + x); and the row polynomials of this entry (the Worpitsky triangle, A130850), by w_n(x) = A(1 + x;0). Other specializations of A_n(x;y) give A090582 (the f-polynomials of the permutohedra, cf. also A019538) and A028246 (another version of the Worpitsky triangle). - Tom Copeland, Jan 24 2020

Links

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1034 [a(438) and a(901) corrected by Georg Fischer, Nov 10 2021]

Nguyen-Huu-Bong, Some Combinatorial Properties of Summation Operators, J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A, Vo. 11, No. 3 (1971), pp. 213-221. See Table on page 214.

John K. Sikora, On Calculating the Coefficients of a Polynomial Generated Sequence Using the Worpitzky Number Triangles, arXiv:1806.00887 [math.NT], 2018.

Sam Vandervelde, The Worpitzky Numbers Revisited, Amer. Math. Monthly, Vol. 125, No. 3 (2018), pp. 198-206.

Formula

T(n,k) = (-1)^k*A075263(n,k).

T(n,k) = (n-k)!*A008278(n+1,k+1).

T(n,n-1) = 2^n - 1 for n > 0. - Derek Orr, Dec 31 2015

E.g.f.: x/(e^(-x*t)*(1+x)-1). - Tom Copeland, Nov 14 2016

Sum_{k=1..floor(n/2)} T(n,2k) = Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} T(n,2k+1) = A000670(n). - Jacob Sprittulla, Oct 03 2021

Example

Triangle begins:
1
1      1
2      3       1
6      12      7       1
24     60      50      15      1
120    360     390     180     31      1
720    2520    3360    2100    602     63      1
5040   20160   31920   25200   10206   1932    127    1
40320  181440  332640  317520  166824  46620   6050   255   1
362880 1814400 3780000 4233600 2739240 1020600 204630 18660 511 1
...

Mathematica

Table[(n-k)!*StirlingS2[n+1, n-k+1], {n, 0, 10}, {k, 0, n}] (* G. C. Greubel, Nov 15 2015 *)

Prog

(Sage)
from sage.combinat.combinat import eulerian_number
def A130850(n, k):
    return add(eulerian_number(n, j)*binomial(n-j, k) for j in (0..n))
for n in (0..7): [A130850(n, k) for k in (0..n)] # Peter Luschny, May 21 2013
(PARI) t(n, k) = (n-k)!*stirling(n+1, n-k+1, 2);
tabl(nn) = for (n=0, 10, for (k=0, n, print1(t(n, k), ", ")); print()); \\ Michel Marcus, Nov 16 2015

Crossrefs

Essentially reverse of A028246.

Variants are A130850, A075263, A163626.

Cf. A000142, A001710, A005460, A005461, A005462, A005463, A005464, A263634.

Cf. A019538, A028246, A046802, A090582, A119879, A123125, A248727.

Sequence in context: A335823 A247500 A075263 * A130405 A058372 A128264

Adjacent sequences: A130847 A130848 A130849 * A130851 A130852 A130853

Keyword

nonn,tabl

Author

Philippe Deléham, Aug 20 2007

Extensions

New name from Peter Luschny, May 21 2013

Status

approved