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A028364
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Triangle T(n,m) = Sum_{k=0..m} Catalan(n-k)*Catalan(k).
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27
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1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 5, 5, 7, 9, 14, 14, 19, 23, 28, 42, 42, 56, 66, 76, 90, 132, 132, 174, 202, 227, 255, 297, 429, 429, 561, 645, 715, 785, 869, 1001, 1430, 1430, 1859, 2123, 2333, 2529, 2739, 3003, 3432, 4862, 4862, 6292, 7150, 7810, 8398, 8986, 9646, 10504, 11934, 16796
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OFFSET
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0,3
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COMMENTS
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The subtriangle [1], [2, 3], [5, 7, 9], ..., namely T(N,M-1), for N >= 1, M=1..N, appears as one-point function in the totally asymmetric exclusion process for the parameters alpha=1=beta. See the Derrida et al. and Liggett references given under A067323, where these triangle entries are called T_{N,N+M-1} for the given alpha and beta values. See the row reversed triangle A067323.
Consider a Dyck path as a path with steps N=(0,1) and E=(1,0) from (0,0) to (n,n) that stays weakly above y=x. T(n,m) is the number of Dyck paths of semilength n+1 where the (m+1)st north step is followed by an east step. - Lara Pudwell, Apr 12 2023
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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G.f. for column sequences m >= 0: (-(c(m,x)-1)/x+c(m,x)*c(x))/x^m with the g.f. c(x) of A000108 (Catalan) and c(m,x):=sum(C(k)*x^k,k=0..m) with C(n):=A000108(n). - Wolfdieter Lang, Mar 24 2006
G.f. for column sequences m >= 0 (without leading zeros): c(x)*Sum_{k=0..m} C(m,k)*c(x)^k with the g.f. c(x) of A000108 (Catalan) and C(n,m) is the Catalan triangle A033184(n,m). - Wolfdieter Lang, Mar 24 2006
T(n,n) = T(n,k) + T(n,n-1-k) = A000108(n+1), n > 0, k = 0..floor((n+1)/2). - Yuchun Ji, Jan 09 2019
G.f. for triangle: Sum_{n>=0, m>=0} T(n, m)*x^n*y^m = (c(x)-c(xy))/(x(1-y)c(x)) with the g.f. c(x) of A000108 (Catalan). - Lara Pudwell, Apr 12 2023
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EXAMPLE
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Triangle begins
1;
1, 2;
2, 3, 5;
5, 7, 9, 14;
14, 19, 23, 28, 42;
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MAPLE
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b:= proc(n, i) option remember; `if`(n=0, 1, add(
expand(b(n-1, j)*`if`(i>n, x, 1)), j=1..i))
end:
T:= n-> (p-> seq(coeff(p, x, i), i=0..n))(b((n+1)$2)):
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MATHEMATICA
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t[n_, k_] = Sum[CatalanNumber[n-j]*CatalanNumber[j], {j, 0, k}]; Flatten[Table[t[n, k], {n, 0, 8}, {k, 0, n}]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 22 2011 *)
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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AUTHOR
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STATUS
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approved
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