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A303735
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a(n) is the metric dimension of the n-dimensional hypercube.
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2
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1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8
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OFFSET
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1,2
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COMMENTS
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The metric dimension of a graph is the least number of nodes needed to characterize uniquely any other vertex by its vector of distances to those nodes. Determining the metric dimension of a general graph is a known NP-complete problem. It is not known, however, whether or not the metric dimension of hypercubes is NP-complete.
The nondecreasing sequence a(n) provides the metric dimension of the n-dimensional hypercube (i.e., with 2^n vertices) for 1 <= n <= 10, computed by brute force. Using an approximation algorithm, Mladenović et al. claim that the next seven terms in the sequence are 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10.
Independent Verfication: Using the MaxSat solver RC2 (Ignatiev et al., 2018), and symmetry breaking constraints, I have verified the first 10 terms. In the previous references given, it is not clear which of the terms have been verified and which only have upper bounds verified. - Victor S. Miller, Mar 27 2023
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REFERENCES
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Harary, F. and Melter, R. A. "On the metric dimension of a graph." Ars Combinatoria, 2:191-195 (1976).
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LINKS
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EXAMPLE
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The metric dimension of a complete graph on n vertices (denoted as K_n) is (n - 1). For n = 1 the hypercube is isomorphic to K_2, so a(1)=1.
For n = 2, the hypercube has vertices (0,0), (0,1), (1,0), and (1,1), which form a simple cycle. Since each of these nodes has two other nodes at the same distance from it, a(2) >= 2. Using nodes (0,1) and (1,1) to encode all nodes by their distance to these two nodes, we find that (0,0) <-> (1,2); (0,1) <-> (0,1); (1,0) <-> (2,1); and (1,1) <-> (1,0). Since the vectors of distances (1,2), (0,1), (2,1), and (1,0) are all different, a(2) = 2.
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CROSSREFS
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Cf. A008949 (number of vertices on the hypercube graph Q_n whose distance from a reference vertex is <= k).
Cf. A066051 (number of automorphisms of hypercubes).
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KEYWORD
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nonn,hard,more
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AUTHOR
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EXTENSIONS
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STATUS
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approved
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