A128743 Number of UU's (i.e., doublerises) in all skew Dyck paths of semilength n.

0, 0, 2, 13, 69, 346, 1700, 8286, 40264, 195488, 949302, 4613025, 22436997, 109240038, 532410060, 2597468685, 12684628125, 62002335160, 303332650190, 1485213237135, 7277719953415, 35687662907750, 175120787451540

Offset

0,3

Comments

A skew Dyck path is a path in the first quadrant which begins at the origin, ends on the x-axis, consists of steps U=(1,1)(up), D=(1,-1)(down) and L=(-1,-1) (left) so that up and left steps do not overlap. The length of a path is defined to be the number of its steps.

Links

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000

E. Deutsch, E. Munarini, S. Rinaldi, Skew Dyck paths, J. Stat. Plann. Infer. 140 (8) (2010) 2191-2203.

Formula

a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n-1} k*A128718(n,k).

G.f.: (1-4*z+z^2+(z-1)*sqrt(1-6*z+5*z^2))/(2*z*sqrt(1-6*z+5*z^2)).

a(n) ~ 3*5^(n-1/2)/(2*sqrt(Pi*n)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 20 2014

Conjecture: (n+1)*(n-2)^2*a(n) -(n-1)*(6*n^2-15*n+4)*a(n-1) +5*(n-2)*(n-1)^2*a(n-2)=0. - R. J. Mathar, Jun 17 2016

Conjecture verified using the differential equation 4*g(z)+(20*z^3+2*z^2-2*z)*g'(z)+(25*z^4-15*z^3)*g''(z)+(5*z^5-6*z^4+z^3)*g'''(z)=0 satisfied by the G.f. - Robert Israel, Dec 25 2017

Example

a(2)=2 because the paths of semilength 2 are UDUD, UUDD and UUDL, having altogether 2 UU's.

Maple

G:=(1-4*z+z^2+(z-1)*sqrt(1-6*z+5*z^2))/2/z/sqrt(1-6*z+5*z^2): Gser:=series(G, z=0, 30): seq(coeff(Gser, z, n), n=0..25);

Mathematica

CoefficientList[Series[(1-4*x+x^2+(x-1)*Sqrt[1-6*x+5*x^2])/2/x/Sqrt[1-6*x+5*x^2], {x, 0, 20}], x] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 20 2014 *)

Prog

(PARI) z='z+O('z^50); concat([0, 0], Vec((1-4*z+z^2+(z-1)*sqrt(1-6*z+5*z^2))/(2*z*sqrt(1-6*z+5*z^2)))) \\ G. C. Greubel, Mar 20 2017

Crossrefs

Cf. A128718.

Sequence in context: A097977 A136780 A301944 * A218184 A264735 A289926

Adjacent sequences: A128740 A128741 A128742 * A128744 A128745 A128746

Keyword

nonn

Author

Emeric Deutsch, Mar 30 2007

Status

approved