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%I #16 Sep 26 2017 05:09:25
%S 1,2,3,0,1,80,192,216,128,96,0,8,12096,46656,81648,93960,69984,40824,
%T 11664,5832,0,216,4783104,25214976,62705664,98648064,109859328,
%U 87588864,54411264,23887872,9455616,1769472,663552,0
%N Card-matching numbers (Dinner-Diner matching numbers).
%C This is a triangle of card matching numbers. Two decks each have 3 kinds of cards, n of each kind. The first deck is laid out in order. The second deck is shuffled and laid out next to the first. A match occurs if a card from the second deck is next to a card of the same kind from the first deck. Triangle T(n,k) is the number of ways of achieving exactly k matches (k=0..3n). The probability of exactly k matches is T(n,k)/(3n)!.
%C rows are of length 1,4,7,10,...
%D F. N. David and D. E. Barton, Combinatorial Chance, Hafner, NY, 1962, Ch. 7 and Ch. 12.
%D J. Riordan, An Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis, Wiley, 1958, pp. 174-178.
%D R. P. Stanley, Enumerative Combinatorics Volume I, Cambridge University Press, 1997, p. 71.
%H F. F. Knudsen and I. Skau, <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2691467">On the Asymptotic Solution of a Card-Matching Problem</a>, Mathematics Magazine 69 (1996), 190-197.
%H Barbara H. Margolius, <a href="http://academic.csuohio.edu/bmargolius/homepage/dinner/dinner/cardentry.htm">Dinner-Diner Matching Probabilities</a>
%H B. H. Margolius, <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/3219303">The Dinner-Diner Matching Problem</a>, Mathematics Magazine, 76 (2003), 107-118.
%H S. G. Penrice, <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2324927">Derangements, permanents and Christmas presents</a>, The American Mathematical Monthly 98(1991), 617-620.
%H <a href="/index/Ca#cardmatch">Index entries for sequences related to card matching</a>
%F G.f.: sum(coeff(R(x, n, k), x, j)*(t-1)^j*(n*k-j)!, j=0..n*k) where n is the number of kinds of cards (3 in this case), k is the number of cards of each kind and R(x, n, k) is the rook polynomial given by R(x, n, k)=(k!^2*sum(x^j/((k-j)!^2*j!))^n (see Stanley or Riordan). coeff(R(x, n, k), x, j) indicates the coefficient for x^j of the rook polynomial.
%e There are 216 ways of matching exactly 2 cards when there are 2 cards of each kind and 3 kinds of card so T(2,2)=216.
%p p := (x,k)->k!^2*sum(x^j/((k-j)!^2*j!),j=0..k); R := (x,n,k)->p(x,k)^n; f := (t,n,k)->sum(coeff(R(x,n,k),x,j)*(t-1)^j*(n*k-j)!,j=0..n*k);
%p for n from 0 to 5 do seq(coeff(f(t,3,n),t,m),m=0..3*n); od;
%t p[x_, k_] := k!^2*Sum[x^j/((k - j)!^2*j!), {j, 0, k}]; r[x_, n_, k_] := p[x, k]^n; f[t_, n_, k_] := Sum[Coefficient[r[x, n, k], x, j]*(t - 1)^j*(n*k - j)!, {j, 0, n*k}]; Table[ Coefficient[f[t, 3, n], t, m], {n, 0, 5}, {m, 0, 3*n}] // Flatten (* _Jean-François Alcover_, Oct 21 2013, after Maple *)
%Y Cf. A008290, A059056-A059071.
%K nonn,tabf,nice
%O 0,2
%A Barbara Haas Margolius (margolius(AT)math.csuohio.edu)
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