A308680 Number T(n,k) of colored integer partitions of n such that all colors from a k-set are used and parts differ by size or by color; triangle T(n,k), n>=0, 0<=k<=n, read by rows.

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 1, 0, 2, 5, 3, 1, 0, 3, 8, 9, 4, 1, 0, 4, 14, 19, 14, 5, 1, 0, 5, 22, 39, 36, 20, 6, 1, 0, 6, 34, 72, 85, 60, 27, 7, 1, 0, 8, 50, 128, 180, 160, 92, 35, 8, 1, 0, 10, 73, 216, 360, 381, 273, 133, 44, 9, 1, 0, 12, 104, 354, 680, 845, 720, 434, 184, 54, 10, 1

Offset

0,8

Comments

For fixed k > 0, T(n,k) ~ exp(Pi*sqrt(k*n/3)) * k^(1/4) / (3^(1/4) * 2^((k+3)/2) * n^(3/4)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Sep 16 2019

T is the convolution triangle of A000009 (see A357368). - Peter Luschny, Oct 19 2022

Links

Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 0..200, flattened

Wikipedia, Partition (number theory)

Formula

T(n,k) = Sum_{i=0..k} (-1)^i * binomial(k,i) * A286335(n,k-i).

Sum_{k=1..n} k * T(n,k) = A325915(n).

G.f. of column k: (-1 + Product_{j>=1} (1 + x^j))^k. - Alois P. Heinz, Jan 29 2021

Example

T(4,1) = 2: 3a1a, 4a.
T(4,2) = 5: 2a1a1b, 2b1a1b, 2a2b, 3a1b, 3b1a.
T(4,3) = 3: 2a1b1c, 2b1a1c, 2c1a1b.
T(4,4) = 1: 1a1b1c1d.
Triangle T(n,k) begins:
  1;
  0,  1;
  0,  1,  1;
  0,  2,  2,   1;
  0,  2,  5,   3,   1;
  0,  3,  8,   9,   4,   1;
  0,  4, 14,  19,  14,   5,   1;
  0,  5, 22,  39,  36,  20,   6,   1;
  0,  6, 34,  72,  85,  60,  27,   7,  1;
  0,  8, 50, 128, 180, 160,  92,  35,  8, 1;
  0, 10, 73, 216, 360, 381, 273, 133, 44, 9, 1;
  ...

Maple

b:= proc(n, i, k) option remember; `if`(n=0, 1, `if`(i<1, 0, add((t->
      b(t, min(t, i-1), k)*binomial(k, j))(n-i*j), j=0..min(k, n/i))))
    end:
T:= (n, k)-> add(b(n$2, k-i)*(-1)^i*binomial(k, i), i=0..k):
seq(seq(T(n, k), k=0..n), n=0..12);
# second Maple program:
b:= proc(n) option remember; `if`(n=0, 1, add(b(n-j)*add(
     `if`(d::odd, d, 0), d=numtheory[divisors](j)), j=1..n)/n)
    end:
T:= proc(n, k) option remember;
      `if`(k=0, `if`(n=0, 1, 0), `if`(k=1, `if`(n=0, 0, b(n)),
          (q-> add(T(j, q)*T(n-j, k-q), j=0..n))(iquo(k, 2))))
    end:
seq(seq(T(n, k), k=0..n), n=0..12);  # Alois P. Heinz, Jan 31 2021
# Uses function PMatrix from A357368.
PMatrix(10, A000009); # Peter Luschny, Oct 19 2022

Mathematica

b[n_, i_, k_] := b[n, i, k] = If[n == 0, 1, If[i < 1, 0, Sum[Function[t,    b[t, Min[t, i - 1], k]*Binomial[k, j]][n - i*j], {j, 0, Min[k, n/i]}]]];
T[n_, k_] := Sum[b[n, n, k - i]*(-1)^i*Binomial[k, i], {i, 0, k}];
Table[Table[T[n, k], {k, 0, n}], {n, 0, 12}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 06 2019, from Maple *)

Crossrefs

Columns k=0-10 give: A000007, A000009 (for n>0), A327380, A327381, A327382, A327383, A327384, A327385, A327386, A327387, A327388.

Main diagonal and lower diagonals give: A000012, A001477, A000096.

Row sums give A304969.

T(2n,n) gives A324595.

Cf. A060642, A286335, A325915.

Sequence in context: A350310 A280817 A060086 * A177975 A340995 A363733

Adjacent sequences: A308677 A308678 A308679 * A308681 A308682 A308683

Keyword

nonn,tabl

Author

Alois P. Heinz, Aug 29 2019

Status

approved