A274391 Table of coefficients in functions that satisfy W_n(x) = W_{n-1}(x)^W_n(x), with W_0(x) = exp(x), as read by antidiagonals.

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 5, 16, 1, 1, 1, 7, 43, 125, 1, 1, 1, 9, 82, 525, 1296, 1, 1, 1, 11, 133, 1345, 8321, 16807, 1, 1, 1, 13, 196, 2729, 28396, 162463, 262144, 1, 1, 1, 15, 271, 4821, 71721, 734149, 3774513, 4782969, 1, 1, 1, 17, 358, 7765, 151376, 2300485, 22485898, 101808185, 100000000, 1, 1, 1, 19, 457, 11705, 283321, 5787931, 87194689, 796769201, 3129525793, 2357947691, 1, 1, 1, 21, 568, 16785, 486396, 12567187, 261066156, 3815719969, 32084546824, 108063152091, 61917364224, 1, 1, 1, 23, 691, 23149, 782321, 24539593, 656778529, 13577077401, 189440927857, 1447917011461, 4143297446729, 1792160394037, 1, 1, 1, 25, 826, 30941, 1195696, 44223529, 1457297878, 39536713209, 800175234736, 10525328121221, 72411962077126, 174723134310277, 56693912375296, 1

Offset

0,9

Comments

The e.g.f. of each row is an infinite exponential tetration of the e.g.f. of the prior row: W_{n+1}(x) = W_n(x)^W_n(x)^W_n(x)^..., starting with exp(x) as the e.g.f. of row zero. All of these row functions may be expressed in terms of the LambertW(x) function.

Links

Paul D. Hanna, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1080, of rows 0..45 of the flattened table.

Formula

Let W_n(x) denote the e.g.f. of the n-th row function of this table, and T^n(x) the n-th iteration of Euler's tree function T(x) (cf. A274390), then

(1) W_n(x) = exp( T^n(x) ).

(2) W_n(x) = T^n(x) / T^(n-1)(x).

(3) W_n(x) = W_{n+1}( x/exp(x) ).

(4) W_n(x) = W_n( x/exp(x) )^W_n(x).

Example

This table begins:
1, 1,  1,   1,     1,       1,         1,          1,            1, ...;
1, 1,  3,  16,   125,    1296,     16807,     262144,      4782969, ...;
1, 1,  5,  43,   525,    8321,    162463,    3774513,    101808185, ...;
1, 1,  7,  82,  1345,   28396,    734149,   22485898,    796769201, ...;
1, 1,  9, 133,  2729,   71721,   2300485,   87194689,   3815719969, ...;
1, 1, 11, 196,  4821,  151376,   5787931,  261066156,  13577077401, ...;
1, 1, 13, 271,  7765,  283321,  12567187,  656778529,  39536713209, ...;
1, 1, 15, 358, 11705,  486396,  24539593, 1457297878,  99609347825, ...;
1, 1, 17, 457, 16785,  782321,  44223529, 2940281793, 224869459201, ...;
1, 1, 19, 568, 23149, 1195696,  74840815, 5506111864, 465734919289, ...;
1, 1, 21, 691, 30941, 1754001, 120403111, 9709554961, 899836571001, ...;
...
in which the e.g.f. of row n equals W_n(x) = exp( T^n(x) ), where T^n(x) is the n-th iteration of the Euler tree function T(x).
The row functions begin:
W_0(x) = 1 + x + x^2/2! + x^3/3! + x^4/4! + x^5/5! + x^6/6! +...;
W_1(x) = 1 + x + 3*x^2/2! + 16*x^3/3! + 125*x^4/4! + 1296*x^5/5! + 16807*x^6/6! + +...+ (n+1)^(n-1)*x^n/n! +...;
W_2(x) = 1 + x + 5*x^2/2! + 43*x^3/3! + 525*x^4/4! + 8321*x^5/5! + 162463*x^6/6! + +...+ A227176(n)*x^n/n! +...;
W_3(x) = 1 + x + 7*x^2/2! + 82*x^3/3! + 1345*x^4/4! + 28396*x^5/5! + 734149*x^6/6! +...+ A268653(n)*x^n/n! +...;
W_4(x) = 1 + x + 9*x^2/2! + 133*x^3/3! + 2729*x^4/4! + 71721*x^5/5! + 2300485*x^6/6! +...+ A268654(n)*x^n/n! +...;
W_5(x) = 1 + x + 11*x^2/2! + 196*x^3/3! + 4821*x^4/4! + 151376*x^5/5! + 5787931*x^6/6! +...;
W_6(x) = 1 + x + 13*x^2/2! + 271*x^3/3! + 7765*x^4/4! + 283321*x^5/5! + 12567187*x^6/6! +...;
...
and satisfy:
(0) W_0(x) = exp(x),
(1) W_1(x) = exp(x)^W_1(x) = exp(T(x)) = LambertW(-x)/(-x),
(2) W_2(x) = W_1(x)^W_2(x) = exp(T(T(x))),
(3) W_3(x) = W_2(x)^W_3(x) = exp(T(T(T(x)))),
(4) W_4(x) = W_3(x)^W_4(x) = exp(T(T(T(T(x))))),
...
Euler's tree function T(x), and its iterates begin:
T(x) = x + 2*x^2/2! + 9*x^3/3! + 64*x^4/4! + 625*x^5/5! + 7776*x^6/6! + 117649*x^7/7! + 2097152*x^8/8! +...+ n^(n-1)*x^n/n! +...
T(T(x)) = x + 4*x^2/2! + 30*x^3/3! + 332*x^4/4! + 4880*x^5/5! + 89742*x^6/6! + 1986124*x^7/7! + 51471800*x^8/8! +...+ A207833(n)*x^n/n! +...
T(T(T(x))) = x + 6*x^2/2! + 63*x^3/3! + 948*x^4/4! + 18645*x^5/5! + 454158*x^6/6! + 13221075*x^7/7! + 448434136*x^8/8! +...+ A227278(n)*x^n/n! +...
T(T(T(T(x)))) = x + 8*x^2/2! + 108*x^3/3! + 2056*x^4/4! + 50680*x^5/5! + 1537524*x^6/6! + 55494712*x^7/7! + 2325685632*x^8/8! +...
...
Note that the e.g.f. of the n-th row function, W_n(x), also equals the ratio of two iterates of the Euler tree function: W_n(x) = T^n(x) / T^(n-1)(x).
See A274390 for the table of coefficients in these iterated tree functions.

Prog

(PARI) {ITERATE(F, n, k) = my(G=x +x*O(x^k)); for(i=1, n, G=subst(G, x, F)); G}
{T(n, k) = my(TREE = serreverse(x*exp(-x +x*O(x^k)))); k!*polcoeff(exp(ITERATE(TREE, n, k)), k)}
/* Print this table as a square array */
for(n=0, 10, for(k=0, 10, print1(T(n, k), ", ")); print(""))
/* Print this table as a flattened array */
for(n=0, 12, for(k=0, n, print1(T(n-k, k), ", ")); )

Crossrefs

Cf. A274390, A000272, A227176, A268653, A268654; diagonals: A274387, A274388.

Cf. A274741 (same table, but read differently).

Sequence in context: A293012 A341033 A348481 * A368862 A339768 A372644

Adjacent sequences: A274388 A274389 A274390 * A274392 A274393 A274394

Keyword

nonn,tabl

Author

Paul D. Hanna, Jun 19 2016

Status

approved