A196051 The Wiener index of the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number n.

0, 1, 4, 4, 10, 10, 9, 9, 20, 20, 20, 18, 18, 18, 35, 16, 18, 31, 16, 32, 32, 35, 31, 28, 56, 31, 48, 29, 32, 50, 35, 25, 56, 32, 52, 44, 28, 28, 50, 46, 31, 46, 29, 52, 72, 48, 50, 40, 48, 75, 52, 46, 25, 64, 84, 42, 46, 50, 32, 67, 44, 56, 67, 36, 76, 76, 28, 48, 72, 70, 46, 59, 46, 44, 102, 42, 79, 68, 52, 62, 88, 50, 48, 62, 79, 46, 75, 71, 40, 92, 71, 67, 84, 72, 71, 54, 75, 65, 104, 96

Offset

1,3

Comments

The Wiener index of a connected graph is the sum of the distances between all unordered pairs of vertices in the graph.

The Matula-Goebel number of a rooted tree can be defined in the following recursive manner: to the one-vertex tree there corresponds the number 1; to a tree T with root degree 1 there corresponds the t-th prime number, where t is the Matula-Goebel number of the tree obtained from T by deleting the edge emanating from the root; to a tree T with root degree m>=2 there corresponds the product of the Matula-Goebel numbers of the m branches of T.

Links

Reinhard Zumkeller, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

Emeric Deutsch, Tree statistics from Matula numbers, arXiv preprint arXiv:1111.4288 [math.CO], 2011.

F. Goebel, On a 1-1-correspondence between rooted trees and natural numbers, J. Combin. Theory, B 29 (1980), 141-143.

I. Gutman and A. Ivic, On Matula numbers, Discrete Math., 150, 1996, 131-142.

I. Gutman and Yeong-Nan Yeh, Deducing properties of trees from their Matula numbers, Publ. Inst. Math., 53 (67), 1993, 17-22.

D. W. Matula, A natural rooted tree enumeration by prime factorization, SIAM Rev. 10 (1968) 273.

Index entries for sequences related to Matula-Goebel numbers

Formula

a(1)=0; if n = prime(t) (the t-th prime), then a(n)=a(t)+PL(t)+E(t)+1; if n=rs (r,s>=2), then a(n)=a(r)+a(s)+PL(r)E(s)+PL(s)E(r); PL(m) and E(m) denote the path length and the number of edges of the rooted tree with Matula number m (see A196047, A196050). The Maple program is based on this recursive formula.

Example

a(7)=9 because the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number 7 is the rooted tree Y (1+1+1+2+2+2=9).
a(2^m) = m^2 because the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number 2^m is a star with m edges and we have m distances 1 and m(m-1)/2 distances 2; m + m(m-1)=m^2.

Maple

with(numtheory): a := proc (n) local r, s, E, PL: r := proc (n) options operator, arrow: op(1, factorset(n)) end proc: s := proc (n) options operator, arrow: n/r(n) end proc: E := proc (n) if n = 1 then 0 elif bigomega(n) = 1 then 1+E(pi(n)) else E(r(n))+E(s(n)) end if end proc: PL := proc (n) if n = 1 then 0 elif bigomega(n) = 1 then 1+E(pi(n))+PL(pi(n)) else PL(r(n))+PL(s(n)) end if end proc: if n = 1 then 0 elif bigomega(n) = 1 then a(pi(n))+PL(pi(n))+1+E(pi(n)) else a(r(n))+a(s(n))+PL(r(n))*E(s(n))+PL(s(n))*E(r(n)) end if end proc: seq(a(n), n = 1 .. 100);

Prog

(Haskell)
import Data.List (genericIndex)
a196051 n = genericIndex a196051_list (n - 1)
a196051_list = 0 : g 2 where
   g x = y : g (x + 1) where
     y | t > 0     = a196051 t + a196047 t + a196050 t + 1
       | otherwise = a196051 r + a196051 s +
                     a196047 r * a196050 s + a196047 s * a196050 r
       where t = a049084 x; r = a020639 x; s = x `div` r
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 03 2013

Crossrefs

Cf. A196047, A196050.

Cf. A049084, A020639.

Terminal Wiener indices: A196055, A348959.

Sequence in context: A050348 A134637 A078910 * A140234 A220044 A219828

Adjacent sequences: A196048 A196049 A196050 * A196052 A196053 A196054

Keyword

nonn

Author

Emeric Deutsch, Sep 27 2011

Status

approved