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A168421
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Small Associated Ramanujan Prime, p_(i-n).
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12
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2, 7, 11, 17, 23, 29, 31, 37, 37, 53, 53, 59, 67, 79, 79, 89, 97, 97, 127, 127, 127, 127, 127, 137, 137, 149, 157, 157, 179, 179, 191, 191, 211, 211, 211, 223, 223, 223, 233, 251, 251, 257, 293, 293, 307, 307, 307, 307, 307, 331, 331, 331
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OFFSET
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1,1
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COMMENTS
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a(n) is the smallest prime p_(k+1-n) on the left side of the Ramanujan Prime Corollary, 2*p_(i-n) > p_i for i > k, where the n-th Ramanujan Prime R_n is the k-th prime p_k. [Comment clarified and shortened by Jonathan Sondow, Dec 20 2013]
Smallest prime number, a(n), such that if x >= a(n), then there are at least n primes between x and 2x exclusively.
This is very useful in showing the number of primes in the range [p_k, 2*p_(i-n)] is greater than or equal to 1. By taking into account the size of the gaps between primes in [p_(i-n),p_k], one can see that the average prime gap is about log(p_k) using the following R_n / (2*n) ~ log(R_n).
Proof of Corollary: See Wikipedia link
The number of primes until the next Ramanujan prime, R_(n+1), can be found in A190874.
Except for A000101(1)=3 and A000101(2)=5, A000101(k) = a(n). Because of the large size of a gap, there are many repeats of the prime number in this sequence. - John W. Nicholson, Dec 10 2013
For some n and k, we see that a(n) = A104272(k) as to form a chain of primes similar to a Cunningham chain. For example (and the first example), a(2) = 7, links A104272(2) = 11 = a(3), links A104272(3) = 17 = a(4), links A104272(4) = 29 = a(6), links A104272(6) = 47. Note that the links do not have to be of a form like q = 2*p+1 or q = 2*p-1. - John W. Nicholson, Dec 14 2013
Srinivasan's Lemma (2014): p_(k-n) < (p_k)/2 if R_n = p_k and n > 1. Proof: By the minimality of R_n, the interval ((p_k)/2,p_k] contains exactly n primes, so p_(k-n) < (p_k)/2. - Jonathan Sondow, May 10 2014
In spite of the name Small Associated Ramanujan Prime, a(n) is not a Ramanujan prime for many values of n. - Jonathan Sondow, May 10 2014
All maximal prime pairs in A002386 and A000101 are bounded by, for a particular n and i, the prime A104272(n) and twice a prime in A000040() following a(n). This means the gap between maximal prime pair cannot be more than twice the prior maximal prime gap. - John W. Nicholson, Feb 07 2019
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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a(n) = prime(primepi(A104272(n)) + 1 - n).
a(n) = nextprime(A084139(n+1)), where nextprime(x) is the next prime > x. Note: some A084139(n) may be prime, therefore nextprime(x) not equal to x. - John W. Nicholson, Oct 11 2013
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EXAMPLE
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For n=10, the n-th Ramanujan prime is A104272(n)= 97, the value of k = 25, so i is >= 26, i-n >= 16, the i-n prime is 53, and 2*53 = 106. This leaves the range [97, 106] for the 26th prime which is 101. In this example, 53 is the small associated Ramanujan prime.
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MATHEMATICA
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nn = 100;
t = Table[0, {nn}];
Do[m = PrimePi[2n] - PrimePi[n]; If[0 < m <= nn, t[[m]] = n], {n, 15 nn}];
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PROG
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(Perl) use ntheory ":all"; say next_prime((nth_ramanujan_prime($_)+1) >> 1) for 1..100; # Dana Jacobsen, Mar 02 2016
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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nonn
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AUTHOR
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EXTENSIONS
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STATUS
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approved
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