A128100 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of ways to tile a 2 X n rectangle with k pieces of 2 X 2 tiles and n-2k pieces of 1 X 2 tiles (0 <= k <= floor(n/2)).

1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 5, 5, 1, 8, 10, 3, 13, 20, 9, 1, 21, 38, 22, 4, 34, 71, 51, 14, 1, 55, 130, 111, 40, 5, 89, 235, 233, 105, 20, 1, 144, 420, 474, 256, 65, 6, 233, 744, 942, 594, 190, 27, 1, 377, 1308, 1836, 1324, 511, 98, 7, 610, 2285, 3522, 2860, 1295, 315, 35, 1, 987, 3970

Offset

0,3

Comments

Row sums are the Jacobsthal numbers (A001045). Column 0 yields the Fibonacci numbers (A000045); the other columns yield convolved Fibonacci numbers (A001629, A001628, A001872, A001873, etc.). Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} k*T(n,k) = A073371(n-2).

Triangle T(n,k), with zeros omitted, given by (1, 1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...) DELTA (0, 1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...) where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938. - Philippe Deléham, Jan 24 2012

Riordan array (1/(1-x-x^2), x^2/(1-x-x^2)), with zeros omitted. - Philippe Deléham, Feb 06 2012

Diagonal sums are A000073(n+2) (tribonacci numbers). - Philippe Deléham, Feb 16 2014

Number of induced subgraphs of the Fibonacci cube Gamma(n-1) that are isomorphic to the hypercube Q_k. Example: row n=4 is 5, 5, 1; indeed, the Fibonacci cube Gamma(3) is a square with an additional pendant edge attached to one of its vertices; it has 5 vertices (i.e., Q_0's), 5 edges (i.e., Q_1's) and 1 square (i.e., Q_2). - Emeric Deutsch, Aug 12 2014

Row n gives the coefficients of the polynomial p(n,x) defined as the numerator of the rational function given by f(n,x) = 1 + (x + 1)/f(n-1,x), where f(x,0) = 1. Conjecture: for n > 2, p(n,x) is irreducible if and only if n is a (prime - 2). - Clark Kimberling, Oct 22 2014

Links

Table of n, a(n) for n=0..65.

C.-P. Chou and H. A. Witek, An Algorithm and FORTRAN Program for Automatic Computation of the Zhang-Zhang Polynomial of Benzenoids, MATCH: Commun. Math. Comput. Chem, 68 (2012) 3-30. See Eq. (9). - From N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 23 2012

S. Klavzar, M. Mollard, Cube polynomial of Fibonacci and Lucas cubes, preprint.

S. Klavzar, M. Mollard, Cube polynomial of Fibonacci and Lucas cubes, Acta Appl. Math. 117, 2012, 93-105. - Emeric Deutsch, Aug 12 2014

Formula

G.f.: 1/(1-z-(1+t)z^2).

Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k = A053404(n), A015447(n), A015446(n), A015445(n), A015443(n), A015442(n), A015441(n), A015440(n), A006131(n), A006130(n), A001045(n+1), A000045(n+1), A000012(n), A010892(n), A107920(n+1), A106852(n), A106853(n), A106854(n), A145934(n), A145976(n), A145978(n), A146078(n), A146080(n), A146083(n), A146084(n) for x = 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10, -11, -12, and -13, respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Jan 24 2012

T(n,k) = T(n-1,k) + T(n-2,k) + T(n-2,k-1). - Philippe Deléham, Jan 24 2012

G.f.: T(0)/2, where T(k) = 1 + 1/(1 - (2*k+1+ x*(1+y))*x/((2*k+2+ x*(1+y))*x + 1/T(k+1) )); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Nov 06 2013

T(n,k) = Sum_{i=k..floor(n/2)} binomial(n-i,i)*binomial(i,k). See Corollary 3.3 in the Klavzar et al. link. - Emeric Deutsch, Aug 12 2014

Example

Triangle starts:
   1;
   1;
   2,  1;
   3,  2;
   5,  5,  1;
   8, 10,  3;
  13, 20,  9,  1;
  21, 38, 22,  4;
From Philippe Deléham, Jan 24 2012: (Start)
Triangle (1, 1, -1, 0, 0, ...) DELTA (0, 1, -1, 0, 0, 0, ...) begins:
   1;
   1,  0;
   2,  1,  0;
   3,  2,  0,  0;
   5,  5,  1,  0,  0;
   8, 10,  3,  0,  0,  0;
  13, 20,  9,  1,  0,  0,  0;
  21, 38, 22,  4,  0,  0,  0,  0; (End)
From Clark Kimberling, Oct 22 2014: (Start)
Here are the first 4 polynomials p(n,x) as in Comment and generated by Mathematica program:
  1
  2 +  x
  3 + 2x
  5 + 5x + x^2. (End)

Maple

G:=1/(1-z-(1+t)*z^2): Gser:=simplify(series(G, z=0, 19)): for n from 0 to 16 do P[n]:=sort(coeff(Gser, z, n)) od: for n from 0 to 16 do seq(coeff(P[n], t, j), j=0..floor(n/2)) od; # yields sequence in triangular form

Mathematica

p[x_, n_] := 1 + (x + 1)/p[x, n - 1]; p[x_, 1] = 1;
Numerator[Table[Factor[p[x, n]], {n, 1, 20}]]  (* Clark Kimberling, Oct 22 2014 *)

Crossrefs

Cf. A001045, A000045, A001629, A001628, A001872, A001873, A073371.

Cf. A109466, A119473.

Sequence in context: A034393 A068932 A151533 * A035579 A045931 A325193

Adjacent sequences: A128097 A128098 A128099 * A128101 A128102 A128103

Keyword

nonn,tabf

Author

Emeric Deutsch, Feb 18 2007

Status

approved